VARIANTES ASOCIADAS A MÚLTIPLES RASGOS DE CALIDAD CÁRNICA EN GANADO CRIOLLO GUAYMÍ Y GUABALÁ
Resumen
En los programas de conservación de razas criollas se destaca la importancia de estudiar, más allá de lo histórico y cultural, rasgos como la calidad de la carne. Investigaciones sobre genes como MYOD1 y LCORL, destacan su impacto en características como el marmoleo y la terneza, fundamentales para el mejoramiento de razas criollas. Este estudio, integrado en el proyecto Innovative Management of Animal Genetic Resources (IMAGE-FAO), analizó polimorfismos de 33 SNP en muestras de las razas Guaymí y Guabalá, empleando la plataforma de secuenciación de próxima generación. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de la variabilidad genética intra-poblacional y equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg de cada raza. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas en o entre las frecuencias alélicas entre las razas, demostrando la presencia de variantes genéticas asociadas a la calidad cárnica. La evaluación de la heterocigosidad y los coeficientes de endogamia subrayan la existencia de una mayor diversidad genética y una menor predisposición a la endogamia en la raza Guaymí, comparada con la Guabalá. Este hallazgo destaca la importancia de conservar y explotar esta diversidad genética para el mejoramiento de características cárnicas. Además, el estudio logro identificar las variantes polimórficas y rasgos relacionados con el crecimiento, la calidad de la carne y el metabolismo de las grasas; destacando la selección genética como una herramienta clave para la optimización de atributos deseables en el ganado. Estos descubrimientos ofrecen una base sólida para futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones en el mejoramiento genético, enfatizando la necesidad de estrategias que aseguren productos cárnicos de alta calidad y promuevan la sostenibilidad de la producción bovina.
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