DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DEL ARROZ CRIOLLO DE TOABRÉ, PANAMÁ: ANÁLISIS MOLECULAR POR MARCADORES ISSR
Resumen
El arroz es el cultivo alimentario más importante del mundo y se espera que la demanda de arroz aumente drásticamente en el mundo en desarrollo, la incorporación de cultivares locales o criollos pueden proporcionar genes de adaptabilidad para condiciones ambientales específicas. Determinar la diversidad genética en 31 accesiones de arroz criollo de Toabré (Panamá), mediante marcadores ISSR. El experimento se realizó en el Laboratorio Agrobiotecnología del IDIAP, ubicado en Divisa; Panamá, durante el año 2022-2023. Se extrajo ADN de plántulas sanas de arroz, se emplearon dieciséis cebadores ISSR y se cuantificaron bandas polimórficas. Se estimaron parámetros de diversidad (I’, H, Fst, Na, Ne, h, uh y, PIC) con los softwares NTSYSpc, POPGENE y GENALEX v6.4, y se construyó un dendograma UPGMA. De dieciséis iniciadores, quince generaron 775 bandas, con 148 loci y 95,95 % de polimorfismo. El índice de Shannon (I’) varió de 0,1425 a 0,6926, y la heterocigosis (H) de 0,020 a 0,252. El análisis UPGMA reveló cinco grupos con coeficiente de similitud promedio de 0,726 y se observaron accesiones con similitud de 1,0. Un 64% de combinaciones mostró similitud superior a 0,900, evidenciando baja diversidad genética. El uso de los marcadores ISSR demostraron ser una herramienta efectiva para realizar estudios de diversidad genética en el arroz criollo del norte de Penonomé. Las 31 accesiones estudiadas muestran una baja diversidad genética, posiblemente por lo reducida del área de colecta y el número de muestras estudiadas.
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